Bó Qínhuái
泊秦淮

Dù Mù (Táng)
杜牧(唐)

Yān lóng hán shuǐ yuè lóng shā,
烟笼寒水月笼沙,
yè bó Qínhuái jìn jiǔjiā.
夜泊秦淮近酒家。

Shāngnǚ bù zhī wángguó hèn,
商女不知亡国恨,
gé jiāng yóu chàng Hòutíng Huā.
隔江犹唱《后庭花》。

Evaluation

“秦淮(Qínhuái)”是秦淮河,位于江苏省南京市。“商女(Shāngnǚ)”就是歌女。《后庭花》(Hòutíng Huā)是一首乐曲,叫《玉树后庭花》(Yùshù Hòutíng Huā),是南朝陈朝最后一个皇帝陈叔宝所作,后被当作亡国之音。
"Qínhuái" refers to the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. "商女(shāngnǚ)" are those singsong girls. "后庭花(Hòutíng Huā)" is a musical piece, or called "玉树后庭花(A Song of Courtyard Flowers)", composed by the last emperor of the Chen Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties in Chinese history. It was later regarded as a tune presaging the fallen state.

如烟的雾气弥漫在寒冷的秋水上,朦胧的月光笼罩着岸边的沙滩,夜晚我的船停泊在秦淮河上靠近酒家。歌女们不知道什么是亡国之恨,在河对岸仍然唱着那亡国的靡靡之音——《玉树后庭花》。
Mist veils the cold water and the sand is shrouded in the dim moonlight. I moor my boat near a tavern on the Qinhuai River, where girls, with no thought of a perished kingdom, are still gaily singing A Song of Courtyard Flowers.

这首诗表面上是批评商女,实际上是以批判的态度反映了晚唐时期的官僚贵族们过着声色歌舞、纸醉金迷的荒淫生活,表达了诗人对晚唐统治者的不满,和对国事的忧患心情。
Apparently this poem criticizes the girls' ignorance of being a conquered people, but actually it insinuates the bureaucrats and aristocrats in the late Tang Dynasty the poet was living in, who indulged themselves in a life of luxury and dissipation. The poem shows the author's disappointment at the rulers and his deep worries about the impeding danger to the state.

Explanation

弥漫(mímàn):v. pervade
笼罩(lǒngzhào): ope,shroud
荒淫(huāngyín): adj. licentious, dissolute
朦胧(ménglóng): adj. hazy, obscured
纸醉金迷(zhǐzuì-jīnmí): adj. live a luxury and dissipation life
忧患(yōuhuàn): worry, misery

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