Dialogues　

1. 你最近忙吗？Nǐ zuìjìn máng ma?
Are you busy these days?
Ni3 means you.
zui4jin4 means recently.
mang2 means busy.
ma is a particle, which indicates the sentence is a question.　

2. 你的爱好是什么？Nǐ de àihào shì shénme?
What are your hobbies?
when talking with hobbies, the most direct way we ask would be like this: What are your hobbies?
Ni3 de is yours.
ai4hao4, hobby.
shi4, is.
shen2me, what.
shi4 shen2me, is what. 　

3. 我喜欢看书。Wǒ xǐhuan kàn shū.
I like reading.
wo3 is I.
xi3huan means like.
kan4 shu1 is reading books. 　

4. 周末你一般干什么？Zhōumò nǐ yìbān gàn shénme?
What do you usually do on weekends?
Zhou2mo4 is weekend.
ni3, you.
yi4ban1, usually.
gan4 is to do.
shen2me, what.
gan4 shen2me literally means doing what.